Haemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lower rectum or around the anus. They can be internal or external and commonly cause pain, itching, discomfort and occasional bleeding during bowel movements. Contributing factors include constipation, straining, pregnancy, a low-fibre diet and prolonged sitting. Many cases are mild and improve with self-care measures like dietary changes and topical treatments. However, persistent bleeding, severe pain, or a lump that doesn't resolve should prompt a consultation with a healthcare professional for assessment and possible further treatment.

Treatment ranges from simple self-care to clinical procedures. Over-the-counter options include topical creams, suppositories and analgesics to ease pain and inflammation. Non-prescription measures like warm sitz baths, increased fibre, hydration and stool softeners reduce straining. For persistent or severe haemorrhoids, your GP or a specialist may offer minimally invasive procedures such as rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy or coagulation. In rare cases surgical removal is recommended. A pharmacist can advise on suitable OTC products and when to see a doctor for further assessment.

Simple daily habits can prevent flare-ups and reduce symptoms. Warm sitz baths for ten to fifteen minutes soothe irritation and promote healing. Increasing fibre intake and drinking more water keep stools soft and reduce straining. Maintaining a healthy weight and regular physical activity help reduce pressure on pelvic veins. Good hygiene and avoiding prolonged time on the toilet are helpful. If symptoms persist despite these measures, seek clinical assessment for targeted treatments or procedures that can provide longer-term relief.